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 Port
plans blight for wildlife and people
4 February 2004
Campaigners today say decisions on new ports should be put on hold
until a coherent strategy for port development is produced by the government.
Portswatch, a consortium of eight environmental and transport NGOs,
says ministers have yet to prove that more ports are needed or say where
they should go if they are. In Troubled Waters, the group's manifesto
published today, Portswatch says the potential of existing ports should
be explored and overall demand assessed nationally rather than new port
applications being considered alone. This would limit damage to legally
protected wildlife sites and disruption to local communities.
There are currently four proposals for major new ports, either at the
planning stage or awaiting a decision by ministers.
In November the Transport Select Committee said: "The government must
consider individual applications in the context of national policy and
this may mean that it cannot consider single projects in isolation.
There are compelling arguments for planning at an integrated national
rather than individual level."
The government published its response last week, claiming that ports
were unlikely to become major development hubs in their own right, take
land from nearby communities or place heavy burdens on road and rail
infrastructure. The response added: "If sufficient expansion results,
it may be many years before there is a need for further expansion".
Graham Wynne, Chief Executive of the RSPB said: "Whilst extra port
capacity may be needed, government has so far failed to make the case.
The sacrifice of so much of the wildlife for which the UK has an international
responsibility to make way for new ports is unnecessary. Giving consent
to one port application without considering all the alternatives is
plain daft and may well be illegal too. Only Government can give proper
strategic guidance on far-reaching land use allocations. To fail to
do so is absurd and an abdication of responsibility."
Stephen Joseph, Executive Director Transport 2000 said: "Ports need
to be part of integrated transport, and should be developed so as to
reduce the need for road and air goods travel, and to maximise the use
of short-sea shipping and rail access to ports. Without a national ports
strategy, and policies for associated landside infrastructure, we will
see significant increases in lorry traffic and port proposals may well
be used to justify large-scale environmentally damaging warehousing
and industrial development."
Tony Juniper, Executive Director of Friends of the Earth said: "New
port construction around our crowded coast will inevitably have major
impacts for wildlife, the environment and local communities. Our coastal
areas are a major national asset that are already under stress and that
must not be further sacrificed for the convenience of making short term
and ad hoc decisions driven forward by the vested interests of the ports
companies. We need a ports strategy that truly reflects the principles
of sustainable development, and that means taking decisions that reflect
the long term and that have people and the environment at their heart".
Notes
Portswatch is a new campaigning network that has been established by
a group of leading national environmental NGOs to prevent the destruction
of sensitive coastal areas, the overburdening of landside transport
infrastructure, and the negative impacts upon related communities caused
by the major deep sea container port developments now being proposed.
The founding members include Campaign to Protect Rural England (East
of England)(CPRE), Friends of the Earth, Marine Conservation Society
(MCS), Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Transport 2000
(T2000), Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS), Wildfowl and
Wetlands Trust (WWT), and the Wildlife Trusts.
The Transport Select Committee's Ninth Report of the 2002-03 Session,
on Ports (HC 783-I) said:
- The Secretary of State must examine all alternative plans for
meeting predicted container port demand currently in the planning
system in order to select the least damaging proposal or proposals
which meet the identified need (paragraph 151);
- Although government appears to accept that capacity planning
and forecasting is essential to any integrated transport strategy,
it is not prepared to be pro-active in this area (paragraph 92)
It is necessary to know how much additional capacity is needed...The
government must undertake such forecasts to ensure adequate port
planning at a national level (paragraph 96);
- Operation of a port is dependent on intermodal links, which must
form part of any UK ports policy....(paragraph 99). A more comprehensive
strategic framework is required to ensure the integration of port
development into a sustainable transport strategy to encourage environmental
benefits (paragraph 136);
- The government intends to set out a clear framework to guide the
aviation industry in its proposals for new airport capacity. We
do not see why it cannot take a similar approach for ports.....There
are compelling arguments for planning at an integrated national
rather than individual level (paragraph 154);
Government published its response to the Transport Select Committee
report on January 29, 2004. It said:
- The government supports Lord Berkeley's Harbours Bill introduced
in the House of Lords because it will "help to speed up the approvals
process".
- Government treats airports "as a special case", as "a matter of
particular national importance" and claims "the impacts at a local
and global level justify a strategic approach".
- "Compared with ports, airports are much more likely to become
major development hubs in their own right, requiring land-take close
to urban areas, placing heavy burdens on road and rail access infrastructure".
- Government believes that proposals for port expansion "should
be treated as far as possible in the same way as other commercial
and industrial development".
- Government agrees that "predictions of demand in respect of container
traffic are consistent in concluding that significant capacity increases
are needed". However, it continues: "It does not follow from this
that the Government must itself make forecasts to ensure adequate
port planning at a national level".
- "Currently, it would neither be justifiable nor practicable
to formulate now an integrated national ports plan within which
to assess the applications for container port expansion. It would
be unacceptable to hold up decisions on those applications until
the lengthy and resource-intensive process of preparing a plan could
be completed".
The four port applications are:
Dibden Bay:
In the Southampton Bay Special Protection Area (an EU designation)
and a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Holds more than 50,000 waterfowl
in winter, and in summer is an internationally important site designated
for five breeding species: Mediterranean gull, Sandwich tern, common
tern, little tern, roseate tern - and four migrant species: dark-bellied
Brent geese, teal, ringed plover, black-tailed godwit. It will result
in the loss of at least 76 hectares of inter-tidal habitat and 240 hectares
of grassland. It will generate 4,700 vehicle movements and 48 train
movements per day. Air, noise, water and light pollution will all increase
and clear, tranquil views from Southampton will be lost. The public
inquiry has finished and the Inspector's report has been sent to the
Department for Transport. A decision is expected imminently.
The London Gateway (Shell Haven), Essex:
Adjacent to the Thames Estuary and Marshes Special Protection Area
and a Site of Special Scientific Interest. An internationally important
site for avocets, hen harriers and ringed plovers and holds more than
33,000 wintering waterfowl. It will result in the loss of at least 25
ha of undesignated and changes to approximately 60 ha of designated
inter-tidal habitat. It will generate 11,992 vehicle movements and 60
train movements per day. Air, noise, water and light pollution will
all increase and there will be the loss of open green space, wildlife
and tranquillity. The public inquiry has finished and the Inspector's
report is expected in February, 2004.
Bathside Bay, Harwich, Essex: Proposed as an extension to Stour and Orwell Estuaries Special Protection
Area and is a recently notified Site of Special Scientific Interest:
More than 65,000 wintering waterfowl; internationally important for
nine species, including black-tailed godwit, dunlin, redshank, grey
plover, ringed plover. It will result in the loss of at least 69 hectares
of notified inter-tidal habitat. It will generate 4,170 vehicle movements;
8-12 train movements per day. Air, noise, water and light pollution
will all increase and there will be the loss of recreational space,
wildlife and tranquillity. The public inquiry into the Bathside proposals
is scheduled to begin on 20 April 2004.
Felixstowe South, Suffolk:This development is broadly comparable to Bathside Bay in size, e.g.
910m (additional) quay and 13 quayside cranes. It is a redevelopment
of an existing port facility, which would be likely to lead to the loss
of 28 hectares of sub-tidal habitat due to increased dredging. "
On November 11, 2003, portswatch launched a joint statement: Portswatch
wants a moratorium on decisions by the Secretary of State on all proposed
deep sea container port developments including Dibden Bay, London Gateway
and Bathside Bay until:
- A methodology for determining the possible need for greater port
capacity has been widely agreed
- It is demonstrated that the best use is being made of existing
ports
- A national spatial strategy has been developed to indicate suitable/preferred
and environmentally responsible locations for major port developments
- The concept of 'environmental footprinting' of ports and their
associated infrastructure is used to make decisions about proposed
port developments
- Demand management techniques have been introduced to promote short
sea and coastal shipping in order to decrease over-concentration
on ports in the South East and East of England and their associated
landside transport infrastructure
- An assessment of how port developments contribute to meeting integrated
transport objectives has been completed.
Portswatch wants the government to make a decision on port development
'in the round' giving full weight to the environment and the principles
of sustainable development in all decisions on new ports and port extensions.
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