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Energy review comment

Jan 23 2006

Commenting on the launch today of the public consultation on the Government's Energy Review, Tony Juniper, said:

"This review must exploit the massive potential for cutting energy waste and developing renewable sources of energy. If we invest in the solutions that already exist, and take steps to ensure that fossil fuels are used more efficiently, the UK could become a world leader in developing a low-carbon, nuclear free economy. Nuclear power is dirty, dangerous and expensive - we must invest in a cleaner and safer future.

Friends of the Earth has highlighted a number of alternative solutions that could generate cleaner energy and help cut energy waste. These include:

• Insulate homes and offices - homes are responsible for almost a third of carbon dioxide emissions in the UK

  The Environmental Change Institute at Oxford University has suggested that emissions from the UK's housing stock could be reduced by 60 per cent by 2050. According to the Carbon Trust, UK business wastes £1 billion a year in lost energy.

• Almost halve the average carbon dioxide emissions from cars, vans and lorries by requiring, for example, use of hybrid technology in cars

  Reduce CO2 emissions by 40 per cent with considerable savings in energy usage.

• Generate 20-30 per cent of current domestic electricity and heat demand through micro-generation technologies in homes, e.g. solar panels, micro-wind turbines, solar water heating, small combined heat and power boilers, biomass heating

  220 TerraWatt Hours (TWh) of heat and electricity could be generated this way by 2030 and 320 TWh by 2050. Current UK heat and electricity demand is around 1,100 TWh

• Generate a quarter of electricity through highly efficient community-sized and larger gas-fired combined heat and power plants

  Combined heat and power plants are around 40 per cent more efficient than conventional power plants which waste most of the heat they produce in the electricity generation process. This could produce100 TWh of electricity by 2020 (current electricity demand is 380 TWh).

• Use biomass for 10 per cent of electricity, five per cent of transport fuel, and 5-10 per cent of current heat needs.

  Growing crops for fuel results in no significant net increase in carbon dioxide as long as the harvested crops are replaced. A sustainable use of biomass could produce 38 TWh for electricity, 25 TWh for transport fuel and 50 TWh for heat. Many such crops could be harvested in the UK & the EU, which could greatly help improve our energy security.

• Reduce the need to travel and get people to walk, cycle and use buses and trains more than present.

  Early research for the Department for Transport shows that if the Government really pushed a package of behavioural change measures including road pricing, liveable cities, use of new technology and improved public transport, then carbon emissions could be cut from 38.6 MtC (the 1990 level) to 34 MtC by 2030.

• Increase the use offshore wind to produce 10 per cent of electricity

• By 2020 40 TWh of electricity could be produced by offshore wind. A recent DTI analysis of 30 years of wind speed data across the UK suggested that wind is a very reliable source of energy, is strongest when electricity demand is highest and is a more powerful source of energy in the UK than other countries within Europe.

• Five per cent of electricity from on-shore wind

  21 TWh by 2020 could be produced from this source.

• Require efficient motor devices in industry to save six per cent of current electricity needs

  Studies for the European Commission have identified the potential to make significant cuts in electricity-use and considerable financial savings by ensuring that industry uses correctly-sized and super-efficient motor devices. There is the potential to reduce electricity consumption by around six per cent in the UK by 2020. This is equivalent to three nuclear power stations.

• Wave & tidal power for up to 5 per cent of electricity

  Wave and tidal power could produce 10-20 TWh of electricity by 2020.

• Create tidal lagoons to produce 5-10 per cent of electricity

  Building lagoons off-shore, below the biodiversity rich mud-flats, enables sea water to be trapped and released steadily when the tide has retreated, providing a reliable source of energy and the potential to have a store of energy for release at peak demand. Tidal lagoons could provide 30 TWh by 2020.

• Legislate to reduce energy wastage through televisions, and other electrical appliances that waste energy on stand-by mode

  Around one nuclear power station in the UK has to be kept running in order to provide power for appliances not in use and on `standby' mode. Around 24 nuclear plants are kept running throughout the industrialised world for this purpose! Legislation is currently being considered by the EU.

• Replace ordinary light-bulbs with energy efficient light-bulbs

  This could reduce electricity consumption by at least two per cent (equivalent to one nuclear power station) by 2020. And the potential is much higher if we implement a programme to replace inefficient street lighting and lighting in the commercial sector.

• Control peaks in demand for electricity with smart devices that control when fridges, air-conditioners, and water-heaters consume electricity

  Demand for electricity varies and supply must continually vary to match it. Yet electricity cannot be stored. Gas and coal-fired power plants are therefore kept in reserve to fire up quickly should demand increase. This causes pollution. Many electrical appliances, such as fridges, air conditioners and water-heaters, are controlled by thermostats. They maintain a constant temperature by powering up for a short period and then shutting off again.

  A new sensor could be fitted to the appliance to work alongside the thermostat. It would continuously measure the electricity grid to check whether supply and demand for electricity were matching. If supply exceeded demand, it would power the appliance up slightly earlier or shut off slightly later than the thermostat would. If demand exceeded supply, it would power up the appliance slightly later or shut it off slightly earlier. Trials show this has no effect on the performance of the appliance but does smooth demand for electricity - reducing the need for expensive and polluting back-up generation.

  Using smart devices to switch on fridges could reduce total electricity demand by 0.4 - 1.2 per cent by 2030 and have no impact on the quality of refrigeration.

• Investigating importing electricity from large-scale solar power plants in the Sahara.

  We import gas from as far away as Russia, and electricity is traded throughout Europe, with plans to expand the grid into North Africa. The German Government is funding studies examining the potential to build large solar panels power plants in countries around the Sahara and exporting the electricity to Europe. The potential is so huge that by 2050 the UK could be importing 70 TWh from this source.

Why Nuclear Power is not the answer

Nuclear power produces waste that stays dangerous for tens of thousands of years. A new generation of reactors is likely to lead an increase in high level radioactive waste by a factor of four. The Government still doesn't know what to do with this waste. Britain currently has 470,000 cubic metres of waste enough to fill the Royal Albert Hall five times. The Swiss Government's nuclear waste authority assumes that the safety of the repository for spent fuel and High level radioactive waste has to be guaranteed for at least 1 million years.

Many processes used as part of nuclear power generation can also be used for covert weapons programmes. If the UK chooses to use nuclear power to cut its greenhouse gas emissions, it will provide an excuse that other countries may use to justify what are really weapons programmes.

Nuclear is not an `emissions free' solution. The mining and transport of uranium, the making of nuclear fuel rods, the building of nuclear power plants and the storage of nuclear waste all lead to carbon dioxide emissions. Nuclear produces 50% more greenhouse gas emissions than wind power

It is currently estimated that the cost of nuclear waste disposal will be around £56 billion, according the Government's Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) which is an increase of £8 billion over previous estimates. The Government's rescue of British Energy in 2003 is expected to cost British tax payers £12 billion over the next 100 years.

Since 1974 the UK government has spent £6.8 billion in research and development funding for nuclear fission (compared to £540 million for renewables) according to information from the International Energy Agency.

No nuclear reactor would be able to withstand a direct hit from a 747 crashing into it. George Bush announced that US troops had found plans of US nuclear power stations at al-Qaeda hide-outs in Afghanistan. Research for the European Commission has said that a plane crashing into Sellafield could have an impact 40 times worse than that of the explosion at Chernobyl.

A more detailed nuclear briefing can be found at:

www.foe.co.uk/resource/media_briefing/nuclear_power_energy_review.pdf (PDF)

†To view PDF files you will need to download Adobe Acrobat Reader. Visually impaired users can get extra help with these documents from access.adobe.com.

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